In Situation K, what ruling is made about R1's failure to touch second base?

In this situation, the ruling that R1 is declared out due to a proper appeal is based on the established rules regarding base running. When a runner fails to touch a base during their progression, it becomes a situation where the opposing team can appeal the missed base.

If the defense makes a proper appeal to the umpires, which includes notifying them of the infraction and doing so while the play is active, they can successfully have the runner called out. This principle upholds the necessity for players to adhere to base running rules, which includes touching all bases in succession.

The rationale behind this ruling strengthens the integrity of the game, ensuring that all players follow the established guidelines and that everyone understands the importance of correctly completing the base-running process. Therefore, the ruling that R1 is declared out is consistent with the rules of baseball, emphasizing the importance of proper base touching and the right of the defense to appeal any infractions.